Experimental research on forecasting index of biological image aerobic exercise analysis of artificial neural network / Pesquisa experimental sobre índice de previsão de imagem biológica análise de exercício aeróbio de rede neural artificial / Investigación experimental sobre índice de pronóstico de imágenes biológicas análisis de ejercicio aeróbico de redes neuronales artificiales

ABSTRACT Objective: The paper uses artificial neural network images to explore the effects of aerobic exercise on the gamma rhythm of theta period in the awake hippocampal CA1 area of APP/PS1/tau mice and the low-frequency gamma rhythm of the sleep state hippocampal CA1 area SWR period. Methods: Clean grade 6-month-old APP/PS1/tau mice were randomly divided into quiet group (AS) and exercise group (AE), C57BL/6J control group mice were randomly divided into quiet group (CS) and exercise group (CE). The AE group and the CE group performed 12-week treadmill exercise, 5d/week, 60min/d, the first 10min exercise load was 12m/min, the last 50min was 15m/min treadmill slope was 0°. Eight-arm maze detection of behavioral changes in mice; multi-channel in vivo recording technology to record the electrical signals of the awake state and sleep state in the hippocampal CA1 area, MATLAB extracts the awake state theta period and sleep state SWR period, multi-window spectrum estimation method Perform time-frequency analysis and power spectral density analysis. Results: 12 weeks of aerobic exercise can significantly improve the working memory and reference memory of the AS group, increase the gamma energy in theta period of the awake hippocampus CA1 area and the low-frequency gamma energy in the sleep state CA1 area SWR period. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise can improve the neural network state of the AD model and increase the gamma energy in theta period of the hippocampus CA1 area, and the low-frequency gamma energy in the SWR period is one of the neural network mechanisms for its overall behavioral improvement. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Objetivo: o artigo usa imagens de redes neurais artificiais para explorar os efeitos do exercício aeróbio no ritmo gama do período teta na área CA1 do hipocampo desperto de camundongos APP/PS1/tau e o ritmo gama de baixa frequência da área CA1 do hipocampo do estado de sono Período SWR. Métodos: Camundongos APP/PS1/tau de grau limpo de 6 meses de idade foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo quieto (AS) e grupo de exercício (AE), os camundongos do grupo controle C57BL/6J foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo quieto (CS) e grupo de exercício (CE). O grupo AE e o grupo CE realizaram 12 semanas de exercício em esteira, 5d/semana, 60min/d, a primeira carga de exercício de 10min foi de 12m/min, a última de 50min foi de 15m/min e a inclinação da esteira foi de 0 °. Detecção de labirinto de oito braços de mudanças comportamentais em camundongos; tecnologia de gravação in vivo multicanal para registrar os sinais elétricos do estado de vigília e do estado de sono na área CA1 do hipocampo, MATLAB extrai o período de tempo teta do estado de vigília e o período de tempo SWR do estado de sono, método de estimativa de espectro de múltiplas janelas. e análise de densidade espectral de potência. Resultados: 12 semanas de exercícios aeróbicos podem melhorar significativamente a memória de trabalho e a memória de referência do grupo AS, aumentar a energia gama no período teta da área CA1 do hipocampo acordado e a energia gama de baixa frequência na área CA1 do estado de sono período SWR. Conclusões: O exercício aeróbico pode melhorar o estado da rede neural do modelo AD e aumentar a energia gama no período teta da área CA1 do hipocampo e a energia gama de baixa frequência no período SWR é um dos mecanismos da rede neural para seu comportamento geral. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El artículo utiliza imágenes de redes neuronales artificiales para explorar los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico en el ritmo gamma del período theta en el área CA1 del hipocampo despierto de ratones APP/PS1/tau y el ritmo gamma de baja frecuencia del área CA1 del hipocampo en estado de sueño. Período de ROE. Métodos: Se dividieron aleatoriamente ratones APP/PS1/tau de 6 meses de edad de grado limpio en grupo tranquilo (AS) y grupo de ejercicio (AE), los ratones del grupo de control C57BL/6J se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo tranquilo (CS) y grupo de ejercicio (CE). El grupo de EA y el grupo de EC realizaron 12 semanas de ejercicio en cinta rodante, 5 días a la semana, 60 min/d, la primera carga de ejercicio de 10 min fue de 12 m/min, los últimos 50 min fueron de 15 m/min y la pendiente de la cinta fue de 0 °. Detección en laberinto de ocho brazos de cambios de comportamiento en ratones; tecnología de grabación in vivo multicanal para registrar las señales eléctricas del estado despierto y del estado de sueño en el área CA1 del hipocampo, MATLAB extrae el período de tiempo theta del estado despierto y el período de tiempo de SWR del estado de suspensión, método de estimación de espectro de múltiples ventanas Realizar análisis de tiempo-frecuencia y análisis de densidad espectral de potencia. Resultados: 12 semanas de ejercicio aeróbico pueden mejorar significativamente la memoria de trabajo y la memoria de referencia del grupo AS, aumentar la energía gamma en el período theta del área CA1 del hipocampo despierto y la energía gamma de baja frecuencia en el período SWR del área CA1 del estado de sueño. Conclusiones: El ejercicio aeróbico puede mejorar el estado de la red neuronal del modelo AD y aumentar la energía gamma en el período theta del área del hipocampo CA1 y la energía gamma de baja frecuencia en el período SWR es uno de los mecanismos de la red neuronal para su comportamiento general. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos- investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Analysis of electroencephalography brain rhythms in the reading process / Análise dos ritmos cerebrais de eletroencefalografia no processo de leitura

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify if, by three distinct quantifiers, the measured electroencephalographic signal at rest is different from the signal measured during a word reading situation, especially considering the faster rhythms, gamma and high-gamma, as it occurs in clinical rhythms (delta to beta). Methods: A total of 96 electroencephalographic signals measured from neurologically healthy volunteers were evaluated at two moments: resting and word reading. Each signal segment was measured by three quantifiers that separately assess normalized power, percent power, and right and left hemisphere coherence. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results of the quantifiers in each brain range. Results: The gamma and high-gamma rhythms presented a more distinct behavior when comparing the analyzed moments (resting and reading) than the clinical rhythms. Conclusion: This finding contributes to the scarce literature on faster rhythms, which can contain information that is normally disregarded in neurological clinical practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar se, por meio de três quantificadores distintos, o sinal eletroencefalográfico medido em repouso é diferente do sinal medido durante o processo de leitura, especialmente considerando os ritmos rápidos, gama e supergama, assim como ocorre nos ritmos clínicos delta a beta. Métodos: Foram avaliados 96 sinais eletroencefalográficos medidos em voluntários neurologicamente saudáveis, em dois momentos: repouso e leitura de palavras. Cada trecho do sinal foi mensurado por três quantificadores que medem, de maneira isolada, a potência normalizada e a potência percentual, bem como a coerência entre os hemisférios direito e esquerdo. O teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney foi usado para comparar os resultados dos quantificadores em cada faixa cerebral. Resultados: Os ritmos gama e supergama apresentaram comportamento mais distinto entre os momentos analisados (repouso e leitura) que os ritmos clinicamente analisados. Conclusão: Esse achado contribui com a escassa literatura segundo a qual os ritmos rápidos podem conter informações que normalmente são descartadas na neurologia clínica.

Effects of Ketamine on Basal Gamma Band Oscillation and Sensory Gating in Prefrontal Cortex of Awake Rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.

Unified principles of thalamo-cortical processing: the neural switch

It has been reported that cross-frequency interactions may play an important role in local processing within thalamus and neocortex, as well as information transfer between subcortical and cortico-cortical brain regions. Strong commonalities in rhythmic network properties have been observed across recording techniques and task demands, but strong neuroscientific theories to situate such observations within a unified framework with direct relevance to explain neuropathologies remain scarce. Based on a comprehensive review of animal and human literature, we probe and introduce a neurophysiological framework to explain how coordinated cross-frequency and interregional oscillatory cortical dynamics underlie typical and atypical brain activation, and the formation of distributed functional ensembles supporting cortical networks underpinning perception and cognition. We propose that local regional activation by an external stimulus via a sensory pathway entails (1) attenuated alpha (8–14 Hz) and increased theta (4–8 Hz) and gamma (30–50 Hz) oscillatory activity, and (2) increased interactions among theta and gamma rhythms. These local dynamics also mediate the integration of activated neural populations into largescale functional assemblies through neuronal synchronization. This comprehensive perspective into the animal and human literature indicates a further thinking beyond synchrony and connectivity and the readiness for more hypothesis-driven research and modeling toward unified principles of thalamo-cortical processing. We further introduced such a possible framework: “The ATG switch”. We also discussed evidence that alpha-theta-gamma dynamics emerging from thalamocortical interactions may be implicated and disrupted in numerous neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Alteration of neural oscillations in hippocampal CA3 area in the fast avoidance response rat before and after electric shock avoidance training / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship of spatial learning ability and specific electrical activities of neural oscillations in the rat. The fast and general avoidance response groups were selected on the basis of the animals' responses to the electric shock in Y type maze, and their local field potentials (LFPs) of hippocampal CA3 area were recorded by wireless telemetry before and after shock avoidance training, respectively. The components of neural oscillations related to spatial identifying and learning ability were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the general avoidance response group, the fast avoidance response group did not show any differences of LFPs in hippocampal CA3 area before electric shock avoidance trial, but showed significantly increased percentages of 0-10 Hz and 30-40 Hz rhythm in right hippocampal CA3 area after the shock avoidance training (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Fast Fourier transform showed that percentage increase of 0-10 Hz band occurred mainly in θ (3-7 Hz) frequency, and 30-40 Hz frequency change was equivalent to the γ1 band. Furthermore, compared with those before training, only the percentages of β, β2 (20-30 Hz) and γ1 rhythm increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in fast avoidance response rats after training, while the θ rhythm percentage remained unchanged. In contrast, θ rhythm percentage and the large amplitude (intensity: +2.5 - -2.5 db) θ waves in right CA3 area of general avoidance response rats were significantly reduced after training (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the increased percentages of β2 and γ1 rhythm and high-level (unchanged) percentage of θ rhythm in the right hippocampus CA3 area might be related to strong spatial cognition ability of fast avoidance response rats.